Biology Age 16 - 17

PLANT WATER RELATIONS

Water Potential

Absorption and Movement of Water

Theories of Water Translocation

Transpiration

Opening and Closing of Stomata

PLANT NUTRITION

Essential Mineral Elements

Role of Macro and Micro Nutrients

Mechanism of absorption of Elements

Translocation of Solutes

Metabolism of Nitrogen

Heterotrophic Nutrition

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Historical Perspective

Site for Photosynthesis

Photochemical Phase of Photosynthesis

Biosynthetic Phase of Photosynthesis

Photorespiration

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

The Three Photosynthetic Pathways

Significance of Photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

RESPIRATION

Respiration

The Link Reaction and Krebs Cycle

Oxydative Phosphorylation - The Final Stage of Aerobic Respiration

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Food and Nutrients of Animals

Modes of Nutrition in Animals

Digestive System of Humans - Alimentary Canal

Digestive System of Humans - Accessory Digestive Glands

The Process of Digestion

Absorption, Assimilation, and Egestion

Nutritional Requirements and Nutritional Deficiencies in Humans

RESPIRATION IN ANIMALS

Gaseous Exchange in Animals

Respiration in Earthworms and Cockroaches

Respiratory Organs of Humans

The Process of Respiration - Phase II - Gas Exchange

The Process of Respiration - Phase III - Gas Transport

Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory Regulation

Pulmonary Capacities

The Process of Respiration - Phase I - Pulmonary Ventilation

CIRCULATION IN ANIMALS

Open and Closed Systems

Human Blood

Structure of Human Heart

Working of Human Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation of Blood

Human Lymphatic System

Circulatory Disorders

Immune System - External and Innate Barriers

Adaptive Immune System

Immunity